What Are The Specific Applications of PRP Therapy?

PRP Therapy (Platelet-Rich Plasma) uses centrifugation to separate and concentrate platelets from a patient’s blood. Platelets release PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, and other growth factors that drive cell proliferation, new blood vessel formation, and tissue repair. Clinicians use PRP in wound healing and regenerative treatments. Since PRP comes from the patient, it carries minimal immune risk.

PRP Preparation Method

1. Blood Collection: Draw 10–60 mL of whole blood into tubes containing ACD-A or citrate anticoagulant to prevent clotting.
2. Soft Spin: Centrifuge at 200–300 × g for 5–10 minutes. Red blood cells sink to the bottom, leaving platelet-rich plasma above.
3. Plasma Transfer: Gently pipette the plasma layer into a sterile tube, avoiding the red cell layer.
4. Hard Spin: Centrifuge at 400–800 × g for 5–10 minutes. Platelets settle at the bottom.
5. Pellet Resuspension and Activation: Discard most of the supernatant, then resuspend the platelet pellet in the remaining plasma. If you want the platelets to release growth factors immediately, add calcium chloride or thrombin.
6. Quality Checks: Measure platelet count (aim for 3–5× baseline), check pH, and confirm sterility before use.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of PRP

Advantages

• Autologous source eliminates rejection risk.
• Delivers multiple growth factors for targeted repair.
• Simple, office-based procedure without general anesthesia.
• Applies across orthopedics, dermatology, dentistry, and more.

Disadvantages

• Patient age and health affect platelet yield.
• Centrifuge settings and devices introduce variability.
• Growth factors release rapidly, requiring repeat treatments.
• Equipment and treatment costs remain relatively high.

Comparison of PRP and PRF

• Anticoagulant: PRP uses anticoagulants; PRF does not.
• Centrifugation: PRP needs two spins; PRF uses one slow spin.
• Factor Release: PRP releases factors quickly; PRF’s fibrin scaffold delivers factors over 7–10 days.
• Composition: PRP focuses on platelets; PRF retains fibrin, leukocytes, and stem cells.

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Specific Applications of PRP

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

• Joint Injections: Deliver 3–6 mL of PRP into the knee under ultrasound every 4 weeks for 2–3 sessions. Many patients report 30–50% pain relief and better joint function.
• Tendon Injuries: Inject 2–4 mL of PRP around an injured tendon, then follow with rehabilitation exercises. Most athletes feel pain ease within 6–8 weeks.
• Surgical Support: Surgeons apply PRP at repair sites during ACL reconstruction or meniscus repair. Patients often recover about two weeks faster.

Dermatology and Aesthetics

• Microneedling: Use a 0.5–1.5 mm needle device, then apply or inject PRP across the face. Complete 3–5 treatments to boost collagen, smooth fine lines, and brighten skin.
• Post-Laser Care: Apply 3–5 mL of PRP immediately after laser resurfacing. Many patients see a 30% faster recovery and reduced redness.
• Scar Treatment: Inject 0.1–0.2 mL of PRP into acne or surgical scars with a 27-G needle. Over weeks, scars soften and skin tone evens out.

Dentistry and Oral Surgery

• Socket Preservation: Mix PRP gel with bone graft, then fill the extraction sites. Clinicians see solid bone form in 6–8 weeks, easing later implant placement.
• Implant Support: Apply PRP around dental implants before and after insertion. Patients often experience faster osseointegration and greater initial stability.
• Periodontal Regeneration: Combine PRP with membranes in flap surgery. Many dentists note better attachment levels and less bone loss within 3–6 months.

Hair Restoration

• Scalp Injections: Inject 0.1 mL of PRP per 1 cm² of thinning scalp (total 5–8 mL). Space sessions 4–6 weeks apart for three treatments. Studies show 20–30% gains in hair count and thickness, with maintenance every 6–12 months.
• Microneedling Adjunct: Create microchannels with a 0.5 mm needle, then inject PRP. This method heightens follicle activation, especially for alopecia areata and resistant hair loss.

Chronic Wounds and Ulcers

• PRP Gel Dressings: Combine PRP with hyaluronic acid or collagen to form a gel. Apply weekly for 4–8 weeks to diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores, stimulating granulation.
• Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: Add PRP gel into negative pressure dressings. Continuous growth factor release can speed deep ulcer healing by about 25%.
• Radiation-Induced Ulcers: Inject and cover chronic radiation wounds with PRP. Many patients report less pain, reduced exudate, and faster skin repair.

Emerging and Cross-Disciplinary Uses

• Ophthalmology: Turn PRP into eye drops and use 4–6 times daily to treat corneal abrasions, dry eye, and chemical injuries.
• Reproductive Medicine: Infuse 1–2 mL of PRP into the uterine cavity before embryo transfer. Clinicians observe a thicker endometrium and higher implantation rates.
• Urology: Inject 2–4 mL of PRP into the bladder wall during cystoscopy for interstitial cystitis. Many patients report reduced urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain.
• Nerve Repair: Experimental teams inject PRP near injured peripheral nerves. Early results show improved nerve fiber growth and less neuropathic pain.

Summary

PRP delivers a natural boost of growth factors that doctors can tailor to injured tissues. Teams across specialties use it to speed healing and support regeneration. Standardizing preparation and validating protocols through large clinical trials will expand PRP’s role in personalized regenerative medicine.