Platelet‑Rich Plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of platelets and growth factors taken from a patient’s blood. Platelets release factors like PDGF, TGF‑β, and VEGF, which help repair tissue, form new blood vessels, and build collagen. Injecting PRP into a damaged area speeds healing, reduces inflammation, and boosts local blood flow.
PRP Preparation Process
Blood Draw
Draw 10–60 mL of blood from a vein at the elbow. Use tubes with anticoagulant (e.g., sodium citrate) to keep platelets stable.
First Centrifuge
Spin at about 1,000 × g for 5–10 minutes. Red blood cells settle at the bottom, and a thin layer of platelets forms above them. The top layer is platelet‑poor plasma.
Plasma Separation
Carefully move the top two layers into a new tube, avoiding red blood cells.
Second Centrifuge
Spin at 1,500–1,800 × g for 10–15 minutes. Platelets gather at the bottom, while the upper plasma stays mostly cell‑free.
Concentrate & Activate
Pour off two‑thirds of the plasma. Mix the remaining platelet pellets with the small amount of plasma left. To activate platelets, add calcium chloride or thrombin just before injection.
Application Scenarios
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine: Treat tendon injuries (like Achilles or tennis elbow), cartilage damage, and chronic back pain.
- Dermatology & Aesthetics: Improve skin texture, reduce acne scars, fight signs of aging, and support hair regrowth.
- Dentistry & Oral Surgery: Enhance bone grafts, speed up healing after tooth implants, or periodontal surgery.
- Rehabilitation & Pain Relief: Ease chronic joint and soft‑tissue pain in conditions like shoulder bursitis or ligament strains.
- Chronic Wounds: Help heal diabetic foot ulcers, pressure sores, and other hard‑to‑heal wounds.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Autologous Source: Uses the patient’s blood, avoiding rejection or disease transmission.
- High Growth Factor Levels: Delivers more healing factors than whole blood.
- Broad Use: Works on muscles, bones, skin, and soft tissues.
- Quick On‑Site Prep: Can be done in a clinic with a centrifuge.
Disadvantages
- Variable Results: Patient age, health, and platelet count affect outcomes.
- Technique‑Dependent: Centrifuge settings and handling impact PRP quality.
- Short‑Term Discomfort: Blood draw and injection can cause pain, bruising, or swelling.
- Equipment Cost: A quality centrifuge and special tubes are required.
Platelet‑Rich Plasma Therapy Risks and Side Effects
Injection Pain
Patients often feel soreness at the injection site for a few days. They can take over‑the‑counter pain relievers if needed.
Bruising or Minor Bleeding
Small blood vessels may break, causing a bruise or slight bleeding that clears in 1–2 weeks.
Infection
Even with sterile technique, skin bacteria can enter. If redness, heat, or pus appear, see a doctor.
Tissue or Nerve Injury
Incorrect needle depth or angle can damage nearby tissue or nerves. Ultrasound guidance reduces this risk.
Short‑Term Inflammation
Mild swelling or warmth at the site is normal and lasts 3–5 days as healing begins.
Rare Vascular Blockage
If an injection enters a blood vessel, it can damage tissue. Only experienced providers should treat sensitive areas.
Summary
PRP uses a patient’s platelets to deliver a high dose of healing factors directly where the body needs them. It offers a safe, natural way to boost repair in many tissues. To get the best results, choose a qualified provider, follow sterile protocols, and stick to aftercare advice.
FAQ in Platelet‑Rich Plasma
Q1: When will I see results?
Most people notice improvement in 4–6 weeks. Peak benefits often appear after 2–3 months.
Q2: Can PRP be combined with other treatments?
Yes. Doctors may use PRP alongside stem cell therapy, physical therapy, or shockwave therapy to enhance healing.
Q3: What should I avoid after treatment?
Avoid heavy exercise and hot baths for 48 hours. Keep the area clean and follow your provider’s instructions.
Q4: How many sessions are needed?
Typically, 2–3 sessions spaced 4–6 weeks apart. Your doctor will adjust the plan based on your condition.